Phase_change

Maximum liquid water content in a soil layer below the freezing point, following the supercooled-soil-water freezing-point depression treatment of Niu and Yang (2006). Below T_f, liquid coexists with ice via the matric-potential / latent-heat balance of Oleson et al. (2010) Eq. 4.58; above T_f, the layer holds the fully-saturated maximum Δz·θ_sat·ρ_liq. Migrated from UrbanCanopy.jl@9200edd4 src/roof_wall_road_snow_temperatures.jl:949 (`FreezingPointDepression` @component). Parameterized as observed-only: T_i, θ_sat, Δz, ψ_sat, B_i, ρ_liq are inputs (parameters); w_liq_max is the algebraic output.

Per-layer phase change energy for the urban canopy snow/soil thermodynamics: the energy required to change a single layer's ice mass from w_ice_n at time n to w_ice_np1 at time n+1 over time step Δt (Oleson et al. 2010 Eq. 4.73). Migrated from UrbanCanopy.jl@9200edd4 src/roof_wall_road_snow_temperatures.jl:1037 (`LayerPhaseChangeEnergy` @component). The column-summed output of this component over all layers is the E_p_layers input of `TotalPhaseChangeEnergy` (Eq. 4.72). Parameterized as observed-only: w_ice_n, w_ice_np1, Δt are inputs (parameters); E_p is the algebraic output.

Per-layer phase-change adjustment for ice/liquid water redistribution and temperature correction in the urban canopy thermal column. Migrated from UrbanCanopy.jl@9200edd4 src/roof_wall_road_snow_temperatures.jl:686 (`PhaseChangeAdjustment` @component). Implements Oleson et al. (2010, CLM Tech Note Ch. 4) Eqs. 4.60–4.65: given the excess/deficit energy H_i (W/m²) available for phase change in layer i (from `PhaseChangeEnergy`), recompute ice mass w_ice^{n+1}, liquid water mass w_liq^{n+1}, and layer temperature T^{n+1}. Melting occurs when H_i > 0 (surplus energy melts ice up to available mass); freezing occurs when H_i < 0 (deficit energy freezes liquid water). Residual energy H_res = H_i - L_f*(w_ice^n - w_ice^{n+1})/Δt that cannot drive further phase change adjusts the layer temperature. The upstream MTK component is parameterized at construction time by `layer_type ∈ {:interior, :top}`. The two variants share equations 1–4 (Eqs. 4.60–4.64) and differ only in Eq. 4.65 (temperature correction): the :top variant divides by (1 - (Δt/(c_i*Δz_i))*dh_dT) to account for the linearized surface-heat-flux feedback; the :interior variant uses the denominator = 1 (no surface feedback). Both variants are unified here via a dimensionless switch parameter `is_top` (0.0 = interior, 1.0 = top), identical to the unification strategy used by the sibling `PhaseChangeEnergy` component. NOTE: the migration-tracker entry for this component listed `blocking_gap: other:discretization-plan` citing line :1227, but that line belongs to `RoadHeatConduction` (a separate non-exported helper function). `PhaseChangeAdjustment` itself is a pure algebraic MTK `@component` with no PDESystem or MOLFiniteDifference — this migration is unblocked.

Per-layer energy excess/deficit available for phase change in the urban canopy thermal column. Migrated from UrbanCanopy.jl@9200edd4 src/roof_wall_road_snow_temperatures.jl:496 (`PhaseChangeEnergy` @component). Implements Oleson et al. (2010, CLM Tech Note Ch. 4) Eq. 4.59 for layer i: the imbalance between net heat fluxes (Crank-Nicholson average of times n and n+1) and the thermal storage required to bring the layer to the freezing point T_f. When H_excess > 0 the layer has surplus energy that can melt ice; when H_excess < 0 it has deficit energy that can freeze liquid water. The upstream MTK component is parameterized at construction time by `layer_type ∈ {:interior, :top}`. The two variants share a Crank-Nicholson bottom-flux contribution and the thermal-storage term but differ in the upper boundary: the :top variant adds a surface heat flux `h_n + dh_dT*(T_f - T_i_n)` (Eq. 4.59 for i = snl+1), while the :interior variant subtracts the upper-interface Crank-Nicholson flux `α_CN*F_im1_n + (1-α_CN)*F_im1_np1` (Eq. 4.59 for i > snl+1). Both variants are merged here into a single algebraic equation switched by an `is_top` dimensionless parameter (0.0 = interior, 1.0 = top); both upstream test fixtures pass against this merged form with the appropriate parameter set.

Column-total phase change energy for the urban canopy snow/soil thermodynamics: the sum of the surface snow melt energy E_p1S (Oleson et al. 2010 Eq. 4.71) and the column-summed per-layer phase change energies E_p_layers (Eq. 4.73). Migrated from UrbanCanopy.jl@9200edd4 src/roof_wall_road_snow_temperatures.jl:1071 (`TotalPhaseChangeEnergy` @component). Implements Oleson et al. (2010, CLM Tech Note Ch. 4) Eq. 4.72. Parameterized as observed-only: E_p1S and E_p_layers are inputs (parameters); E_p_total is the algebraic output.