Geometry

Adjusted top layer thickness for pervious and impervious road surfaces in the urban canopy thermal scheme. The adjustment compensates for the offset between the layer-averaged temperature carried by the finite-volume soil column and the surface temperature used in the surface-energy-balance kernel, using the tunable Yang (1998) coefficient c_a = 0.34. Migrated from UrbanCanopy.jl@9200edd4 src/roof_wall_road_snow_temperatures.jl:601 (`AdjustedLayerThickness` @component). Implements Oleson et al. (2010, CLM Tech Note Ch. 4) Eq. 4.30. Parameterized as observed-only: z_i, z_h_im1, z_ip1, c_a are inputs (parameters); Δz_star is the algebraic output.

Single-layer snow-pack geometry for the CLMU urban canopy thermal stack: given the total snow depth z_sno, computes the bottom-layer thickness, node depth, and top interface depth used by the snow conduction column. Migrated from UrbanCanopy.jl@9200edd4 src/roof_wall_road_snow_temperatures.jl:33 (`SnowLayerGeometry` @component). Implements Oleson et al. (2010, CLM Tech Note Ch. 4) §4.1 Eqs. 4.9-4.10 in the simplest snl = -1 (single snow layer) regime, where Δz_0 = z_sno (pp. 92-93). Parameterized as observed-only: z_sno is the input (parameter); Δz_snow_0, z_node_snow_0, z_interface_snow_neg1 are the algebraic outputs of three identity/linear equations.