Energy-Balance

Planetary equilibrium temperature from the top-of-atmosphere energy balance (Seinfeld & Pandis 2006 Ch. 4 Eqs. 4.5-4.7). The absorbed solar flux F_S = S_0/4 * (1 - R_p), the emitted longwave flux F_L = sigma * T_e^4 (Stefan-Boltzmann law), and at equilibrium F_S = F_L. Solving the constraint gives T_e = (S_0/4 * (1-R_p) / sigma)^(1/4). At canonical Earth values (S_0 = 1370 W/m^2, R_p = 0.3), F_S = F_L = 239.75 W/m^2 and T_e = 255 K (S&P p. 101). Migrated from GasChem.jl@8c12c048 src/radiation_fundamentals.jl:211 (`PlanetaryEnergyBalance` @component).

Composed radiation-fundamentals system from Seinfeld & Pandis (2006) Chapter 4 (Eqs. 4.1-4.11). A pure structural aggregation (no coupling equations) of seven independent components: PhotonEnergy (photon energy-frequency-wavelength relations, Eq. 4.1), BlackbodyRadiation (Planck's law, Eq. 4.2), WienDisplacement (peak emission wavelength, Eq. 4.3), StefanBoltzmann (total emissive power, Eq. 4.4), PlanetaryEnergyBalance (Earth's equilibrium temperature, Eqs. 4.5-4.7), ClimateSensitivity (temperature response to forcing, Eqs. 4.8-4.10), and TOARadiativeForcing (net top-of-atmosphere flux, Eq. 4.11). Each component is inlined as a named subsystem; variables are dot-namespaced (RadiationFundamentals.<subsystem>.<var>). Migrated from GasChem.jl@8c12c048 src/radiation_fundamentals.jl:367 (`RadiationFundamentals` @component).

Top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative-flux balance for a 0-D planetary climate model, following Seinfeld & Pandis (2006) Chapter 4 Eq. 4.11. Implements the net incoming flux F_net = S_0/4 · (1 - R_p) - F_L as a single algebraic relation between the absorbed shortwave flux F_S = S_0/4 · (1 - R_p) (Eq. 4.5, the spherical-projection factor of 1/4 accounts for the planet receiving solar flux over its cross-section πR² but emitting over its full surface 4πR²) and the outgoing longwave flux F_L (input parameter, typically supplied by the sibling PlanetaryEnergyBalance / StefanBoltzmann components in this domain). Sign convention: positive F_net means the planet is gaining energy (warming); negative F_net means losing energy (cooling). At default parameters (S_0=1370 W/m², R_p=0.3, F_L=239.75 W/m²) the planet is in exact radiative equilibrium (F_net = 0). Migrated from GasChem.jl@8c12c048 src/radiation_fundamentals.jl:327 (`TOARadiativeForcing` @component). Sibling component to PhotonEnergy (Eq. 4.1), BlackbodyRadiation (Eq. 4.2), WienDisplacement (Eq. 4.3), StefanBoltzmann (Eq. 4.4), PlanetaryEnergyBalance (Eqs. 4.5-4.7), ClimateSensitivity (Eqs. 4.8-4.10) — together they compose the upstream RadiationFundamentals (radiation_fundamentals.jl:367) system.