Diagnostic

Square of the convective Froude number (Eq. 1, Clark et al., 1996), a diagnostic of fire-atmosphere coupling strength: F_c^2 = (U - S_f)^2 / (g * (Δθ/θ̄) * W_f). Large F_c^2 indicates wind-dominated (weak coupling); small F_c^2 indicates buoyancy-dominated (strong coupling). Migrated from WildlandFire.jl@126976f2 src/clark1996.jl:253 (`Clark1996ConvectiveFroudeNumber` @component). Observed-only: U, S_f, delta_theta_over_theta, W_f are inputs (parameters); F_c_sq is an algebraic output.

Top-level composed diagnostic urban canopy model following the Community Land Model Urban (CLMU) parameterization of Oleson et al. (2010). Wires four CLMU subsystems — OfflineModeForcing (raw met → derived forcing), CLMUAtmosphere (atmospheric interface diagnostics), UrbanRadiation (solar/longwave radiation), and HeatMomentumFluxes (Monin-Obukhov surface fluxes) — via top-level coupling equations. All subsystems are inlined (ESS spec §4.7 composed-model pattern). Surface temperatures are prescribed as parameters (diagnostic mode). Migrated from UrbanCanopy.jl@9200edd4 src/urban_canopy_model.jl:41.