Coupled-Subsystems

Complete 3D anelastic atmospheric dynamics system in terrain-following coordinates from Clark (1977), 'A Small-Scale Dynamic Model Using a Terrain-Following Coordinate Transformation', Journal of Computational Physics 24, 186-215. The full nonlinear Clark (1977) model assembled as a hierarchical composition of eight subsystems: the isentropic base state (Eqs. 2.6-2.9), Witch-of-Agnesi mountain topography (Eq. 7.1), the terrain-following coordinate transformation (Eqs. 2.20-2.27), the Smagorinsky turbulence closure (Eqs. 2.15-2.19), the anelastic momentum residuals (Eqs. 2.1-2.3), anelastic mass continuity (Eq. 2.4), anelastic thermodynamics with turbulent heat flux (Eq. 2.14) and the diagnostic pressure equation (Section 4). Migrated from AtmosphericDynamics.jl@816cc391 src/clark1977.jl:582 (`Clark1977AnelasticSystem` @component) — a pure subsystem composition (`System(Equation[], t; systems=[...])`, no coupling equations): the eight subsystems are inlined verbatim under `subsystems` (ESS spec §4.7) and remain dynamically independent. Purely algebraic — every subsystem is a diagnostic (observed-only) system with no time derivative. SI units throughout.

Combined tropospheric chemistry diagnostic system (Seinfeld & Pandis 2006, Chapter 6) — couples three photochemical subsystems into a comprehensive steady-state diagnostic model of tropospheric photochemistry: OH production from O3 photolysis (§6.1), the NOx photochemical cycle (§6.2), and CO oxidation chemistry (§6.3). Migrated from GasChem.jl@8c12c048 src/combined_system.jl:54 (`TroposphericChemistrySystem` @component). The three subsystems — `oh` (OHProduction), `nox` (NOxPhotochemistry), `co` (COOxidation) — are inlined verbatim (ESS spec §4.7 subsystem composition) from their already-migrated standalone .esm files; the parent supplies 14 coupling equations feeding the shared species (O3, NO, NO2, OH, HO2, CO, CH3O2, H2O, M, O2) into the subsystems and 9 combined-diagnostic equations (total/net O3 production, ozone production efficiency, NOx loss rate, HOx chain length). Purely algebraic — a steady-state diagnostic system with no time derivatives. SI units throughout (m^-3 for concentrations, m^3/s for bimolecular rate constants).