Atmosphere

Atmospheric interface for the Community Land Model Urban (CLMU) parameterization, following Chapter 1 of Oleson et al. (2010). Computes three diagnostic outputs from atmospheric forcing inputs: atmospheric vapor pressure (e_atm = q_atm P_atm / (epsilon + (1-epsilon) q_atm)), atmospheric air density (rho_atm = (P_atm - (1-epsilon) e_atm) / (R_da T_atm)), and the reference height for flux computations (z_atm = z_prime_atm + z_0 + z_d). Here epsilon = MW_wv/MW_da = 0.622 is the molecular-weight ratio of water vapor to dry air, and R_da = R_gas/MW_da is the specific gas constant for dry air. The urban canyon is represented as a roof + sunlit/shaded wall + pervious/impervious road five-column system; this component defines the atmospheric forcing interface that the rest of the canopy column reads. Migrated from UrbanCanopy.jl@9200edd4 src/clmu_introduction.jl:22 (`CLMUAtmosphere` @component). Parameterized as observed-only: forcings (q_atm, P_atm, T_atm, z_prime_atm, z_0, z_d, etc.) are inputs (parameters); e_atm, rho_atm, z_atm are the algebraic state outputs.