Aqueous_equilibria

Coupled gas-aqueous chemical equilibrium for cloud droplets and aerosol water. Migrated from Aerosol.jl@c8c640bb src/aqueous_equilibria.jl:642. Composes WaterEquilibrium, CO2Equilibria, SO2Equilibria, NH3Equilibria, HNO3Equilibria, H2O2Equilibria, and O3Equilibria via a quadratic charge-balance approximation for H+. Reference: Seinfeld & Pandis (2016) Ch. 7 §7.3.

CO2 dissolution and dissociation equilibria with van't Hoff temperature dependence (Seinfeld & Pandis Ch 7 §7.3.2, Eqs 7.14–7.24). Migrated from Aerosol.jl@c8c640bb src/aqueous_equilibria.jl:140 (`CO2Equilibria` @component). Parameterized as observed-only: T, H_plus, p_CO2 are inputs and the carbonate-system species (CO2_aq, HCO3-, CO3^2-, total dissolved C, effective Henry constant) are algebraic outputs.

H2O2 gas-aqueous dissolution and (weak) dissociation equilibria with van't Hoff temperature dependence. Migrated from Aerosol.jl@c8c640bb src/aqueous_equilibria.jl:519 (`H2O2Equilibria` @component). Implements Seinfeld & Pandis Ch 7 §7.3.6: K_H(H2O2, 298 K) = 1.0×10⁵ M/atm, ΔH_sol = −14.5 kcal/mol; K_h1(H2O2, 298 K) = 2.2×10⁻¹² M (temperature-independent, very weak). Parameterized as observed-only: T, H_plus, and p_H2O2 are inputs; H_H2O2, K_h1, H2O2_aq, HO2_minus, H2O2_total, H_H2O2_eff are algebraic outputs.

HNO3 gas-aqueous dissolution and dissociation equilibria. Migrated from Aerosol.jl@c8c640bb src/aqueous_equilibria.jl:438 (`HNO3Equilibria` @component). Implements Seinfeld & Pandis Ch 7 §7.3.5 (Eq 7.53–7.54, 7.58, 7.61): K_H(HNO3, 298 K) = 2.1×10⁵ M/atm (temperature-independent, dH≈0), K_n1(HNO3, 298 K) = 15.4 M (temperature-independent). HNO3 is a strong acid (pKa ≈ −1.2) that essentially completely dissociates at all atmospheric pH values. Parameterized as observed-only: T, H_plus, and p_HNO3 are inputs; H_HNO3, K_n1, HNO3_aq, NO3_minus, HNO3_total, H_HNO3_eff are algebraic outputs.

Ammonia gas-aqueous dissolution and dissociation equilibria with van't Hoff temperature dependence. Migrated from Aerosol.jl@c8c640bb src/aqueous_equilibria.jl:345 (`NH3Equilibria` @component). Implements Seinfeld & Pandis Ch 7 §7.3.4 (Eq 7.46–7.51) and Table 7.4. Parameterized as observed-only: T, H_plus, and p_NH3 are inputs; H_NH3, K_a1, K_w, OH_minus, NH3_aq, NH4_plus, NH3_total, H_NH3_eff are algebraic outputs.

Ozone (O3) aqueous dissolution equilibrium via temperature-dependent Henry's law. Migrated from Aerosol.jl@c8c640bb src/aqueous_equilibria.jl:589 (`O3Equilibria` @component). Implements Seinfeld & Pandis Ch 7 Table 7.3: K_H(O3, 298 K) = 1.1×10⁻² M/atm, ΔH_sol = −5.04 kcal/mol. O3 does not ionize in water; dissolution is purely described by Henry's law with van't Hoff temperature dependence.

SO2 gas-aqueous dissolution and dissociation equilibria with van't Hoff temperature dependence. Migrated from Aerosol.jl@c8c640bb src/aqueous_equilibria.jl:240 (`SO2Equilibria` @component). Implements Seinfeld & Pandis Ch 7 §7.3.3 (Eq 7.33-7.35, 7.39, 7.41, 7.43-7.45) and Table 7.4. Parameterized as observed-only: T, H_plus, and p_SO2 are inputs; H_SO2, K_s1, K_s2, SO2_aq, HSO3_minus, SO3_2minus, S_IV_total, H_SO2_eff, alpha_0, alpha_1, alpha_2 are algebraic outputs.

Water autoionization equilibrium with van't Hoff temperature dependence. Migrated from Aerosol.jl@c8c640bb src/aqueous_equilibria.jl:76 (`WaterEquilibrium` @component). Serialized via EarthSciAST.mtk2esm. Implements Seinfeld & Pandis Ch 7 Eq 7.10–7.13 and Table 7.4. Parameterized as observed-only: T and [H+] are inputs, K_w/[OH-]/pH are algebraic outputs.