WesleySurfaceResistance
Wesely (1989) bulk surface (canopy) resistance to gaseous dry deposition. Computes the total surface resistance r_c [s/m] along Wesely's three parallel mass-transfer pathways — the upper-canopy leaf cuticles, the lower-canopy structures, and the ground — from the gas species' Henry's-law solubility and reactivity, solar irradiation, surface air temperature, terrain slope, season, land-use category, and surface wetness (rain/dew). Migrated from AtmosphericDeposition.jl@e4468c79 src/wesley1989.jl:360 (the `WesleySurfaceResistance` builder function); implements Wesely (1989) Eq. 2 with the stomatal, mesophyll, cuticle, lower-canopy and ground sub-resistances of Eqs. 3-14 and the Walmsley & Wesely (1996) corrections.
Description
Wesely (1989) bulk surface (canopy) resistance to gaseous dry deposition. Computes the total surface resistance r_c [s/m] along Wesely’s three parallel mass-transfer pathways — the upper-canopy leaf cuticles, the lower-canopy structures, and the ground — from the gas species’ Henry’s-law solubility and reactivity, solar irradiation, surface air temperature, terrain slope, season, land-use category, and surface wetness (rain/dew). Migrated from AtmosphericDeposition.jl@e4468c79 src/wesley1989.jl:360 (the WesleySurfaceResistance builder function); implements Wesely (1989) Eq. 2 with the stomatal, mesophyll, cuticle, lower-canopy and ground sub-resistances of Eqs. 3-14 and the Walmsley & Wesely (1996) corrections.
Reference
Wesely, M. L. (1989). Parameterization of surface resistances to gaseous dry deposition in regional-scale numerical models. Atmospheric Environment 23(6), 1293-1304.
_source_ref: AtmosphericDeposition.jl@e4468c79c8dd4aae88646cd16d6bcf290874742c:src/wesley1989.jl:360
Upstream WesleySurfaceResistance is a plain Julia builder function (not an MTK @component): the low-level surface-resistance kernel called by DryDepGas in src/dry_deposition.jl. It is migrated here as a standalone, fully-explicit algebraic model. The three GasData struct fields (Dh2oPerDx, Hstar, Fo) and the nine scalar arguments (G, Ts, theta, iSeason, iLandUse, rain, dew, isSO2, isO3) become parameters; every intermediate resistance and the total r_c become algebraic state outputs fixed by explicit equations. There are no differential states, so system_kind is left unset (the triangular-algebraic convention of the sibling observed-only migrations, e.g. sp_ch1/barometric.esm).
Lookup tables. The seven season x land-use tables (r_i, r_lu, r_ac, r_gsS, r_gsO, r_clS, r_clO) are migrated as interp.linear over the 55-entry column-major flattening of each 5x11 grid, on the integer axis [1..55], evaluated at table_index = (iLandUse-1)5 + iSeason. This mirrors upstream obtain_value, which builds a 1-D DataInterpolations.LinearInterpolation over vec(matrix) (Julia’s column-major flatten) on the index range 1:55 and evaluates it at that same coordinate. iSeason in 1..5 and iLandUse in 1..11 are categorical integers, so every lookup lands exactly on an integer axis knot — interp.linear returns the exact table entry with a zero blend weight, bit-identical to the upstream interpolation. (A 2-D interp.bilinear form over the 5x11 grid was rejected: at a query on the upper season edge its w=1 endpoint blend t_i + 1(t_{i+1} - t_i) catastrophically cancels when the lower cell corner is the 1e25 sentinel — e.g. 1e25 + (4000 - 1e25) = 0 — whereas the 1-D flatten is always queried at an integer knot, w=0, and never cancels.)
Float32 tables. The upstream tables are SA_F32 (Float32) static arrays, so each entry is stored as its exact Float64-promoted Float32 value to reproduce upstream arithmetic. In practice only the sentinel inf = 1e25 is inexact in Float32 — Float64(Float32(1e25)) = 9.999999562023526e24; every other table entry is an integer <= 9000 and is exact in Float32.
Faithful-behavior note. Upstream r_s assigns rs = ifelse(Ts >= 39.9, inf, ...) and then immediately overwrites rs = ifelse(Ts <= 0.1, inf, ...); the first assignment is dead code. The migrated rs equation reproduces the actual upstream behavior — only the Ts <= 0.1 guard — and intentionally does not migrate the unreachable Ts >= 39.9 case. The 1.0e25 literal inside the rs ifelse is the upstream Float64 inf constant and is distinct from the Float32 table sentinel. The boolean arguments rain, dew, isSO2 and isO3 are 0/1 parameters; conditions test them as > 0.5.
Domain note. For water (iLandUse=7, every season) and non-winter wetland (iLandUse=9, iSeason != 4) the r_gsS ground-resistance table entry is 0, so the general-gas ground term Hstar/(1e5*r_gsS_val) of Wesely Eq. 9 is infinite. Upstream Julia evaluates that as Inf — giving r_gsx_gen = 0 (an infinitely fast ground sink) and r_c clamped to its 10 s/m floor — whereas the ESS Python runner’s strict float division raises on it. The migrated equation keeps the faithful Eq. 9 form, so 51 of the 55 (season, land-use) cells are directly evaluable by the Python runner; the four water/wetland cells need a binding whose division yields Inf rather than raising. Inline tests use vegetated and urban land uses (iLandUse in {1, 3, 4, 5, 6}), matching the upstream wesely1989_test.jl TestWesely suite, which fixes iLandUse=4 throughout.
Tolerance rationale (model-level rel=1e-6): an explicit algebraic system with no ODE integration; 1e-6 covers Float64 round-off across the resistance expression chain (reciprocal sums, the exp() cold correction, and the interp.linear table lookups), well above the bit-level agreement expected between bindings._
- DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(89)90153-4
Parameters
| Name | Units | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Dh2oPerDx | 1 | 1.9 | Ratio of the molecular diffusivity of water vapor to that of the gas of interest (Wesely 1989 Table 2, D_H2O/D_x). Default: SO2. |
Hstar | 1 | 100000.0 | Effective Henry’s-law solubility coefficient of the gas [M atm^-1] (Wesely 1989 Table 2, H*). Default: SO2. |
Fo | 1 | 0.0 | Chemical reactivity factor of the gas [-] (Wesely 1989 Table 2, f0; 0, 0.1 or 1). Default: SO2. |
G | W/m^2 | 300.0 | Solar (global) irradiation reaching the surface. |
Ts | degC | 25.0 | Surface air temperature. |
theta | rad | 0.0 | Slope of the local terrain (Wesely 1989 Eq. 5; the source argument theta). |
iSeason | 1 | 1 | Season index 1-5: 1 midsummer, 2 autumn, 3 late autumn, 4 winter, 5 transitional spring. Default: midsummer. |
iLandUse | 1 | 4 | Land-use index 1-11: 1 urban, 2 agricultural, 3 range, 4 deciduous forest, 5 coniferous forest, 6 mixed forest, 7 water, 8 barren, 9 wetland, 10 mixed agricultural/range, 11 rocky shrubland. Default: deciduous forest. |
rain | 1 | 0 | Surface-wetness flag: 1 if rain is present, 0 otherwise. |
dew | 1 | 0 | Surface-wetness flag: 1 if dew is present, 0 otherwise. |
isSO2 | 1 | 1 | Species flag: 1 if the gas of interest is SO2, 0 otherwise. Default: SO2. |
isO3 | 1 | 0 | Species flag: 1 if the gas of interest is O3, 0 otherwise. |
Observed
| Name | Units | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
table_index | 1 | Flattened (column-major) lookup coordinate into the 55-entry Wesely season x land-use tables: (iLandUse-1)*5 + iSeason. | |
r_i_val | s/m | Minimum bulk-canopy stomatal resistance for water vapor (Wesely table r_i) at this season/land-use. | |
r_lu_val | s/m | Outer-upper-canopy / leaf-cuticle reference resistance (Wesely table r_lu) at this season/land-use. | |
r_ac_val | s/m | In-canopy aerodynamic resistance (Wesely table r_ac) at this season/land-use. | |
r_gsS_val | s/m | Ground (soil/litter/snow/water) SO2 uptake resistance (Wesely table r_gsS) at this season/land-use. | |
r_gsO_val | s/m | Ground (soil/litter/snow/water) O3 uptake resistance (Wesely table r_gsO) at this season/land-use. | |
r_clS_val | s/m | Lower-canopy SO2 uptake resistance (Wesely table r_clS) at this season/land-use. | |
r_clO_val | s/m | Lower-canopy O3 uptake resistance (Wesely table r_clO) at this season/land-use. | |
rs | s/m | Bulk-canopy stomatal resistance (Wesely Eq. 3), tripled when rain or dew is present. The dry-surface value is the wesely_stomatal_resistance template of resistance_templates.esm. | |
rmx | s/m | Mesophyll resistance (Wesely Eq. 6). | |
rsmx | s/m | Combined minimum stomatal + mesophyll resistance (Wesely Eq. 4). | |
rdc | s/m | Resistance to buoyant-convection / hillside mixing (Wesely Eq. 5). | |
rluO_dew | s/m | O3 outer-surface (cuticle) resistance under dew (Wesely Eq. 11). | |
rluO_rain | s/m | O3 outer-surface (cuticle) resistance under rain (Wesely Eq. 13). | |
rlux_dew | s/m | Upper-canopy leaf-cuticle resistance assuming dew is active (Wesely Eqs. 10, 11, 14). | |
rlux_rain | s/m | Upper-canopy leaf-cuticle resistance assuming rain is active (Wesely Eqs. 12, 13, 14). | |
rlux_dry | s/m | Upper-canopy leaf-cuticle resistance for dry surfaces (Wesely Eq. 7). | |
rlux | s/m | Selected upper-canopy leaf-cuticle resistance (dew, then rain, else dry; dew/rain ignored in winter). | |
r_clx_gen | s/m | Lower-canopy resistance for a general gas, i.e. neither SO2 nor O3 (Wesely Eq. 8). | |
r_gsx_gen | s/m | Ground-uptake resistance for a general gas, i.e. neither SO2 nor O3 (Wesely Eq. 9). | |
rclx | s/m | Selected lower-canopy resistance (r_clS for SO2, r_clO for O3, else r_clx_gen), before the cold-temperature correction. | |
rgsx | s/m | Selected ground-uptake resistance (r_gsS for SO2, r_gsO for O3, else r_gsx_gen), before the cold-temperature correction. | |
correction | s/m | Cold-temperature additive correction applied to rlux, rclx and rgsx (Wesely p.4): 1000 s/m * exp(-Ts/(1 degC) - 4) when Ts < 0 degC, else 0. Defined by the wesely_cold_correction template of resistance_templates.esm. | |
r_c | s/m | Total bulk surface (canopy) resistance to dry deposition (Wesely Eq. 2), clamped to [10, 9999] s/m. |
Observed expressions
$$ table_{index} = \left(iLandUse - 1\right) \cdot 5 + iSeason $$Flattened (column-major) lookup coordinate into the 55-entry Wesely season x land-use tables: (iLandUse-1)*5 + iSeason.
$$ r_{i\,val} = \mathrm{fn}\left(\mathrm{const}\left(\right), \mathrm{const}\left(\right), table_{index}\right) $$Minimum bulk-canopy stomatal resistance for water vapor (Wesely table r_i) at this season/land-use.
$$ r_{lu\,val} = \mathrm{fn}\left(\mathrm{const}\left(\right), \mathrm{const}\left(\right), table_{index}\right) $$Outer-upper-canopy / leaf-cuticle reference resistance (Wesely table r_lu) at this season/land-use.
$$ r_{ac\,val} = \mathrm{fn}\left(\mathrm{const}\left(\right), \mathrm{const}\left(\right), table_{index}\right) $$In-canopy aerodynamic resistance (Wesely table r_ac) at this season/land-use.
$$ r_{gsS\,val} = \mathrm{fn}\left(\mathrm{const}\left(\right), \mathrm{const}\left(\right), table_{index}\right) $$Ground (soil/litter/snow/water) SO2 uptake resistance (Wesely table r_gsS) at this season/land-use.
$$ r_{gsO\,val} = \mathrm{fn}\left(\mathrm{const}\left(\right), \mathrm{const}\left(\right), table_{index}\right) $$Ground (soil/litter/snow/water) O3 uptake resistance (Wesely table r_gsO) at this season/land-use.
$$ r_{clS\,val} = \mathrm{fn}\left(\mathrm{const}\left(\right), \mathrm{const}\left(\right), table_{index}\right) $$Lower-canopy SO2 uptake resistance (Wesely table r_clS) at this season/land-use.
$$ r_{clO\,val} = \mathrm{fn}\left(\mathrm{const}\left(\right), \mathrm{const}\left(\right), table_{index}\right) $$Lower-canopy O3 uptake resistance (Wesely table r_clO) at this season/land-use.
$$ rs = \mathrm{wesely_stomatal_resistance}\left(r_{i}=r_{i\,val}, G=G, T_{c}=Ts\right) \cdot \mathrm{ifelse}\left(\mathrm{or}\left(\mathrm{>}\left(rain, 0.5\right), \mathrm{>}\left(dew, 0.5\right)\right), 3.0, 1.0\right) $$Bulk-canopy stomatal resistance (Wesely Eq. 3), tripled when rain or dew is present. The dry-surface value is the wesely_stomatal_resistance template of resistance_templates.esm.
$$ rmx = \frac{1.0}{\frac{Hstar}{3000.0} + 100.0 \cdot Fo} $$Mesophyll resistance (Wesely Eq. 6).
$$ rsmx = rs \cdot Dh2oPerDx + rmx $$Combined minimum stomatal + mesophyll resistance (Wesely Eq. 4).
$$ rdc = \frac{100.0 \cdot \left(1.0 + \frac{1000.0}{G + 10.0}\right)}{1.0 + 1000.0 \cdot theta} $$Resistance to buoyant-convection / hillside mixing (Wesely Eq. 5).
$$ rluO_{dew} = \frac{1.0}{\frac{1.0}{3000.0} + \frac{1.0}{3 \cdot r_{lu\,val}}} $$O3 outer-surface (cuticle) resistance under dew (Wesely Eq. 11).
$$ rluO_{rain} = \frac{1.0}{\frac{1.0}{1000.0} + \frac{1.0}{3 \cdot r_{lu\,val}}} $$O3 outer-surface (cuticle) resistance under rain (Wesely Eq. 13).
$$ rlux_{dew} = \mathrm{ifelse}\left(\mathrm{>}\left(isSO2, 0.5\right), \mathrm{ifelse}\left(iLandUse = 1, 50.0, 100.0\right), \mathrm{ifelse}\left(\mathrm{>}\left(isO3, 0.5\right), rluO_{dew}, \frac{1.0}{\frac{1.0}{\frac{3 \cdot r_{lu\,val}}{1 \times 10^{-5} \cdot Hstar + Fo}} + 1 \times 10^{-7} \cdot Hstar + \frac{Fo}{rluO_{dew}}}\right)\right) $$Upper-canopy leaf-cuticle resistance assuming dew is active (Wesely Eqs. 10, 11, 14).
$$ rlux_{rain} = \mathrm{ifelse}\left(\mathrm{>}\left(isSO2, 0.5\right), \mathrm{ifelse}\left(iLandUse = 1, 50.0, \frac{1.0}{\frac{1.0}{5000.0} + \frac{1.0}{3 \cdot r_{lu\,val}}}\right), \mathrm{ifelse}\left(\mathrm{>}\left(isO3, 0.5\right), rluO_{rain}, \frac{1.0}{\frac{1.0}{\frac{3 \cdot r_{lu\,val}}{1 \times 10^{-5} \cdot Hstar + Fo}} + 1 \times 10^{-7} \cdot Hstar + \frac{Fo}{rluO_{rain}}}\right)\right) $$Upper-canopy leaf-cuticle resistance assuming rain is active (Wesely Eqs. 12, 13, 14).
$$ rlux_{dry} = \frac{r_{lu\,val}}{1 \times 10^{-5} \cdot Hstar + Fo} $$Upper-canopy leaf-cuticle resistance for dry surfaces (Wesely Eq. 7).
$$ rlux = \mathrm{ifelse}\left(\mathrm{and}\left(\mathrm{>}\left(dew, 0.5\right), \mathrm{!=}\left(iSeason, 4\right)\right), rlux_{dew}, \mathrm{ifelse}\left(\mathrm{and}\left(\mathrm{>}\left(rain, 0.5\right), \mathrm{!=}\left(iSeason, 4\right)\right), rlux_{rain}, rlux_{dry}\right)\right) $$Selected upper-canopy leaf-cuticle resistance (dew, then rain, else dry; dew/rain ignored in winter).
$$ r_{clx\,gen} = \frac{1.0}{\frac{Hstar}{100000.0 \cdot r_{clS\,val}} + \frac{Fo}{r_{clO\,val}}} $$Lower-canopy resistance for a general gas, i.e. neither SO2 nor O3 (Wesely Eq. 8).
$$ r_{gsx\,gen} = \frac{1.0}{\frac{Hstar}{100000.0 \cdot r_{gsS\,val}} + \frac{Fo}{r_{gsO\,val}}} $$Ground-uptake resistance for a general gas, i.e. neither SO2 nor O3 (Wesely Eq. 9).
$$ rclx = \mathrm{ifelse}\left(\mathrm{>}\left(isSO2, 0.5\right), r_{clS\,val}, \mathrm{ifelse}\left(\mathrm{>}\left(isO3, 0.5\right), r_{clO\,val}, r_{clx\,gen}\right)\right) $$Selected lower-canopy resistance (r_clS for SO2, r_clO for O3, else r_clx_gen), before the cold-temperature correction.
$$ rgsx = \mathrm{ifelse}\left(\mathrm{>}\left(isSO2, 0.5\right), r_{gsS\,val}, \mathrm{ifelse}\left(\mathrm{>}\left(isO3, 0.5\right), r_{gsO\,val}, r_{gsx\,gen}\right)\right) $$Selected ground-uptake resistance (r_gsS for SO2, r_gsO for O3, else r_gsx_gen), before the cold-temperature correction.
$$ correction = \mathrm{wesely_cold_correction}\left(T_{c}=Ts\right) $$Cold-temperature additive correction applied to rlux, rclx and rgsx (Wesely p.4): 1000 s/m * exp(-Ts/(1 degC) - 4) when Ts < 0 degC, else 0. Defined by the wesely_cold_correction template of resistance_templates.esm.
$$ r_{c} = \mathrm{min}\left(\mathrm{max}\left(\frac{1.0}{\frac{1.0}{rsmx} + \frac{1.0}{rlux + correction} + \frac{1.0}{rdc + rclx + correction} + \frac{1.0}{r_{ac\,val} + rgsx + correction}}, 10.0\right), 9999.0\right) $$Total bulk surface (canopy) resistance to dry deposition (Wesely Eq. 2), clamped to [10, 9999] s/m.
Analyses
resistance_vs_solar_irradiation
Surface resistance r_c as a function of solar irradiation G for SO2 over a midsummer deciduous forest (Ts=25 degC, dry, flat terrain). Brighter light opens stomata and lowers the stomatal pathway resistance, so r_c falls as G increases.
Time span: 0.0 → 1.0
Swept over: G
resistance_over_season_and_light
Surface resistance r_c for SO2 over a deciduous forest as a joint function of solar irradiation G and the Wesely season index (1 midsummer through 5 transitional spring). Surfaces how the season-dependent lookup tables and the light-driven stomatal pathway together set r_c.
Time span: 0.0 → 1.0
Swept over: G, iSeason
Raw .esm
Raw .esm JSON (this component)
{
"expression_template_imports": [
{
"ref": "./resistance_templates.esm"
}
],
"reference": {
"doi": "10.1016/0004-6981(89)90153-4",
"citation": "Wesely, M. L. (1989). Parameterization of surface resistances to gaseous dry deposition in regional-scale numerical models. Atmospheric Environment 23(6), 1293-1304.",
"notes": "source_ref: AtmosphericDeposition.jl@e4468c79c8dd4aae88646cd16d6bcf290874742c:src/wesley1989.jl:360\n\nUpstream `WesleySurfaceResistance` is a plain Julia builder function (not an MTK @component): the low-level surface-resistance kernel called by DryDepGas in src/dry_deposition.jl. It is migrated here as a standalone, fully-explicit algebraic model. The three GasData struct fields (Dh2oPerDx, Hstar, Fo) and the nine scalar arguments (G, Ts, theta, iSeason, iLandUse, rain, dew, isSO2, isO3) become `parameter`s; every intermediate resistance and the total r_c become algebraic `state` outputs fixed by explicit equations. There are no differential states, so `system_kind` is left unset (the triangular-algebraic convention of the sibling observed-only migrations, e.g. sp_ch1/barometric.esm).\n\nLookup tables. The seven season x land-use tables (r_i, r_lu, r_ac, r_gsS, r_gsO, r_clS, r_clO) are migrated as `interp.linear` over the 55-entry column-major flattening of each 5x11 grid, on the integer axis [1..55], evaluated at table_index = (iLandUse-1)*5 + iSeason. This mirrors upstream `obtain_value`, which builds a 1-D DataInterpolations.LinearInterpolation over `vec(matrix)` (Julia's column-major flatten) on the index range 1:55 and evaluates it at that same coordinate. iSeason in 1..5 and iLandUse in 1..11 are categorical integers, so every lookup lands exactly on an integer axis knot — interp.linear returns the exact table entry with a zero blend weight, bit-identical to the upstream interpolation. (A 2-D interp.bilinear form over the 5x11 grid was rejected: at a query on the upper season edge its w=1 endpoint blend t_i + 1*(t_{i+1} - t_i) catastrophically cancels when the lower cell corner is the 1e25 sentinel — e.g. 1e25 + (4000 - 1e25) = 0 — whereas the 1-D flatten is always queried at an integer knot, w=0, and never cancels.)\n\nFloat32 tables. The upstream tables are `SA_F32` (Float32) static arrays, so each entry is stored as its exact Float64-promoted Float32 value to reproduce upstream arithmetic. In practice only the sentinel `inf = 1e25` is inexact in Float32 — Float64(Float32(1e25)) = 9.999999562023526e24; every other table entry is an integer <= 9000 and is exact in Float32.\n\nFaithful-behavior note. Upstream `r_s` assigns `rs = ifelse(Ts >= 39.9, inf, ...)` and then immediately overwrites `rs = ifelse(Ts <= 0.1, inf, ...)`; the first assignment is dead code. The migrated `rs` equation reproduces the actual upstream behavior — only the Ts <= 0.1 guard — and intentionally does not migrate the unreachable Ts >= 39.9 case. The `1.0e25` literal inside the `rs` ifelse is the upstream Float64 `inf` constant and is distinct from the Float32 table sentinel. The boolean arguments rain, dew, isSO2 and isO3 are 0/1 parameters; conditions test them as `> 0.5`.\n\nDomain note. For water (iLandUse=7, every season) and non-winter wetland (iLandUse=9, iSeason != 4) the r_gsS ground-resistance table entry is 0, so the general-gas ground term Hstar/(1e5*r_gsS_val) of Wesely Eq. 9 is infinite. Upstream Julia evaluates that as Inf — giving r_gsx_gen = 0 (an infinitely fast ground sink) and r_c clamped to its 10 s/m floor — whereas the ESS Python runner's strict float division raises on it. The migrated equation keeps the faithful Eq. 9 form, so 51 of the 55 (season, land-use) cells are directly evaluable by the Python runner; the four water/wetland cells need a binding whose division yields Inf rather than raising. Inline tests use vegetated and urban land uses (iLandUse in {1, 3, 4, 5, 6}), matching the upstream wesely1989_test.jl TestWesely suite, which fixes iLandUse=4 throughout.\n\nTolerance rationale (model-level rel=1e-6): an explicit algebraic system with no ODE integration; 1e-6 covers Float64 round-off across the resistance expression chain (reciprocal sums, the exp() cold correction, and the interp.linear table lookups), well above the bit-level agreement expected between bindings."
},
"tolerance": {
"rel": 1e-06
},
"variables": {
"Dh2oPerDx": {
"type": "parameter",
"units": "1",
"default": 1.9,
"description": "Ratio of the molecular diffusivity of water vapor to that of the gas of interest (Wesely 1989 Table 2, D_H2O/D_x). Default: SO2."
},
"Hstar": {
"type": "parameter",
"units": "1",
"default": 100000.0,
"description": "Effective Henry's-law solubility coefficient of the gas [M atm^-1] (Wesely 1989 Table 2, H*). Default: SO2."
},
"Fo": {
"type": "parameter",
"units": "1",
"default": 0.0,
"description": "Chemical reactivity factor of the gas [-] (Wesely 1989 Table 2, f0; 0, 0.1 or 1). Default: SO2."
},
"G": {
"type": "parameter",
"units": "W/m^2",
"default": 300.0,
"description": "Solar (global) irradiation reaching the surface."
},
"Ts": {
"type": "parameter",
"units": "degC",
"default": 25.0,
"description": "Surface air temperature."
},
"theta": {
"type": "parameter",
"units": "rad",
"default": 0.0,
"description": "Slope of the local terrain (Wesely 1989 Eq. 5; the source argument theta)."
},
"iSeason": {
"type": "parameter",
"units": "1",
"default": 1,
"description": "Season index 1-5: 1 midsummer, 2 autumn, 3 late autumn, 4 winter, 5 transitional spring. Default: midsummer."
},
"iLandUse": {
"type": "parameter",
"units": "1",
"default": 4,
"description": "Land-use index 1-11: 1 urban, 2 agricultural, 3 range, 4 deciduous forest, 5 coniferous forest, 6 mixed forest, 7 water, 8 barren, 9 wetland, 10 mixed agricultural/range, 11 rocky shrubland. Default: deciduous forest."
},
"rain": {
"type": "parameter",
"units": "1",
"default": 0,
"description": "Surface-wetness flag: 1 if rain is present, 0 otherwise."
},
"dew": {
"type": "parameter",
"units": "1",
"default": 0,
"description": "Surface-wetness flag: 1 if dew is present, 0 otherwise."
},
"isSO2": {
"type": "parameter",
"units": "1",
"default": 1,
"description": "Species flag: 1 if the gas of interest is SO2, 0 otherwise. Default: SO2."
},
"isO3": {
"type": "parameter",
"units": "1",
"default": 0,
"description": "Species flag: 1 if the gas of interest is O3, 0 otherwise."
},
"table_index": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "1",
"description": "Flattened (column-major) lookup coordinate into the 55-entry Wesely season x land-use tables: (iLandUse-1)*5 + iSeason."
},
"r_i_val": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Minimum bulk-canopy stomatal resistance for water vapor (Wesely table r_i) at this season/land-use."
},
"r_lu_val": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Outer-upper-canopy / leaf-cuticle reference resistance (Wesely table r_lu) at this season/land-use."
},
"r_ac_val": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "In-canopy aerodynamic resistance (Wesely table r_ac) at this season/land-use."
},
"r_gsS_val": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Ground (soil/litter/snow/water) SO2 uptake resistance (Wesely table r_gsS) at this season/land-use."
},
"r_gsO_val": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Ground (soil/litter/snow/water) O3 uptake resistance (Wesely table r_gsO) at this season/land-use."
},
"r_clS_val": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Lower-canopy SO2 uptake resistance (Wesely table r_clS) at this season/land-use."
},
"r_clO_val": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Lower-canopy O3 uptake resistance (Wesely table r_clO) at this season/land-use."
},
"rs": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Bulk-canopy stomatal resistance (Wesely Eq. 3), tripled when rain or dew is present. The dry-surface value is the wesely_stomatal_resistance template of resistance_templates.esm."
},
"rmx": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Mesophyll resistance (Wesely Eq. 6)."
},
"rsmx": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Combined minimum stomatal + mesophyll resistance (Wesely Eq. 4)."
},
"rdc": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Resistance to buoyant-convection / hillside mixing (Wesely Eq. 5)."
},
"rluO_dew": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "O3 outer-surface (cuticle) resistance under dew (Wesely Eq. 11)."
},
"rluO_rain": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "O3 outer-surface (cuticle) resistance under rain (Wesely Eq. 13)."
},
"rlux_dew": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Upper-canopy leaf-cuticle resistance assuming dew is active (Wesely Eqs. 10, 11, 14)."
},
"rlux_rain": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Upper-canopy leaf-cuticle resistance assuming rain is active (Wesely Eqs. 12, 13, 14)."
},
"rlux_dry": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Upper-canopy leaf-cuticle resistance for dry surfaces (Wesely Eq. 7)."
},
"rlux": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Selected upper-canopy leaf-cuticle resistance (dew, then rain, else dry; dew/rain ignored in winter)."
},
"r_clx_gen": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Lower-canopy resistance for a general gas, i.e. neither SO2 nor O3 (Wesely Eq. 8)."
},
"r_gsx_gen": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Ground-uptake resistance for a general gas, i.e. neither SO2 nor O3 (Wesely Eq. 9)."
},
"rclx": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Selected lower-canopy resistance (r_clS for SO2, r_clO for O3, else r_clx_gen), before the cold-temperature correction."
},
"rgsx": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Selected ground-uptake resistance (r_gsS for SO2, r_gsO for O3, else r_gsx_gen), before the cold-temperature correction."
},
"correction": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Cold-temperature additive correction applied to rlux, rclx and rgsx (Wesely p.4): 1000 s/m * exp(-Ts/(1 degC) - 4) when Ts < 0 degC, else 0. Defined by the wesely_cold_correction template of resistance_templates.esm."
},
"r_c": {
"type": "unknown",
"units": "s/m",
"description": "Total bulk surface (canopy) resistance to dry deposition (Wesely Eq. 2), clamped to [10, 9999] s/m."
}
},
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{
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"args": [],
"name": "wesely_stomatal_resistance",
"bindings": {
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"G": "G",
"T_c": "Ts"
}
},
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"args": [
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]
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{
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"args": [
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{
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]
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{
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]
}
},
{
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{
"op": "==",
"args": [
"iLandUse",
1
]
},
50.0,
{
"op": "/",
"args": [
1.0,
{
"op": "+",
"args": [
{
"op": "/",
"args": [
1.0,
5000.0
]
},
{
"op": "/",
"args": [
1.0,
{
"op": "*",
"args": [
3,
"r_lu_val"
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"op": "ifelse",
"args": [
{
"op": ">",
"args": [
"isO3",
0.5
]
},
"rluO_rain",
{
"op": "/",
"args": [
1.0,
{
"op": "+",
"args": [
{
"op": "/",
"args": [
1.0,
{
"op": "/",
"args": [
{
"op": "*",
"args": [
3,
"r_lu_val"
]
},
{
"op": "+",
"args": [
{
"op": "*",
"args": [
1e-05,
"Hstar"
]
},
"Fo"
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"op": "*",
"args": [
1e-07,
"Hstar"
]
},
{
"op": "/",
"args": [
"Fo",
"rluO_rain"
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"lhs": "rlux_dry",
"rhs": {
"op": "/",
"args": [
"r_lu_val",
{
"op": "+",
"args": [
{
"op": "*",
"args": [
1e-05,
"Hstar"
]
},
"Fo"
]
}
]
}
},
{
"lhs": "rlux",
"rhs": {
"op": "ifelse",
"args": [
{
"op": "and",
"args": [
{
"op": ">",
"args": [
"dew",
0.5
]
},
{
"op": "!=",
"args": [
"iSeason",
4
]
}
]
},
"rlux_dew",
{
"op": "ifelse",
"args": [
{
"op": "and",
"args": [
{
"op": ">",
"args": [
"rain",
0.5
]
},
{
"op": "!=",
"args": [
"iSeason",
4
]
}
]
},
"rlux_rain",
"rlux_dry"
]
}
]
}
},
{
"lhs": "r_clx_gen",
"rhs": {
"op": "/",
"args": [
1.0,
{
"op": "+",
"args": [
{
"op": "/",
"args": [
"Hstar",
{
"op": "*",
"args": [
100000.0,
"r_clS_val"
]
}
]
},
{
"op": "/",
"args": [
"Fo",
"r_clO_val"
]
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"lhs": "r_gsx_gen",
"rhs": {
"op": "/",
"args": [
1.0,
{
"op": "+",
"args": [
{
"op": "/",
"args": [
"Hstar",
{
"op": "*",
"args": [
100000.0,
"r_gsS_val"
]
}
]
},
{
"op": "/",
"args": [
"Fo",
"r_gsO_val"
]
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"lhs": "rclx",
"rhs": {
"op": "ifelse",
"args": [
{
"op": ">",
"args": [
"isSO2",
0.5
]
},
"r_clS_val",
{
"op": "ifelse",
"args": [
{
"op": ">",
"args": [
"isO3",
0.5
]
},
"r_clO_val",
"r_clx_gen"
]
}
]
}
},
{
"lhs": "rgsx",
"rhs": {
"op": "ifelse",
"args": [
{
"op": ">",
"args": [
"isSO2",
0.5
]
},
"r_gsS_val",
{
"op": "ifelse",
"args": [
{
"op": ">",
"args": [
"isO3",
0.5
]
},
"r_gsO_val",
"r_gsx_gen"
]
}
]
}
},
{
"lhs": "correction",
"rhs": {
"op": "apply_expression_template",
"args": [],
"name": "wesely_cold_correction",
"bindings": {
"T_c": "Ts"
}
}
},
{
"lhs": "r_c",
"rhs": {
"op": "min",
"args": [
{
"op": "max",
"args": [
{
"op": "/",
"args": [
1.0,
{
"op": "+",
"args": [
{
"op": "/",
"args": [
1.0,
"rsmx"
]
},
{
"op": "/",
"args": [
1.0,
{
"op": "+",
"args": [
"rlux",
"correction"
]
}
]
},
{
"op": "/",
"args": [
1.0,
{
"op": "+",
"args": [
"rdc",
"rclx",
"correction"
]
}
]
},
{
"op": "/",
"args": [
1.0,
{
"op": "+",
"args": [
"r_ac_val",
"rgsx",
"correction"
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
10.0
]
},
9999.0
]
}
}
],
"tests": [
{
"id": "default_midsummer_so2",
"description": "Default case: SO2 over a midsummer deciduous forest, G=300 W/m^2, Ts=25 degC, dry, flat terrain. This is the (iSeason=1, iLandUse=4, G=300) cell of the upstream TestWesely SO2 sweep; Wesely (1989) Table 3 / Walmsley (1996) Table 1 list ~160 s/m there, and the exact algorithm value asserted here is within that table's stated tolerance. Pins every sub-resistance along all three deposition pathways.",
"parameter_overrides": {
"Dh2oPerDx": 1.9,
"Hstar": 100000.0,
"Fo": 0.0,
"G": 300.0,
"Ts": 25.0,
"theta": 0.0,
"iSeason": 1,
"iLandUse": 4,
"rain": 0,
"dew": 0,
"isSO2": 1,
"isO3": 0
},
"time_span": {
"start": 0.0,
"end": 1.0
},
"assertions": [
{
"variable": "table_index",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 16.0
},
{
"variable": "r_i_val",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 70.0
},
{
"variable": "r_lu_val",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 2000.0
},
{
"variable": "r_ac_val",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 2000.0
},
{
"variable": "r_gsS_val",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 500.0
},
{
"variable": "r_clS_val",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 2000.0
},
{
"variable": "rs",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 107.63171856086944
},
{
"variable": "rmx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 0.03
},
{
"variable": "rsmx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 204.53026526565193
},
{
"variable": "rdc",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 422.5806451612903
},
{
"variable": "rlux_dry",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 2000.0
},
{
"variable": "rlux",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 2000.0
},
{
"variable": "rclx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 2000.0
},
{
"variable": "rgsx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 500.0
},
{
"variable": "correction",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 0.0
},
{
"variable": "r_c",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 161.2374025290373
}
]
},
{
"id": "upstream_reference_point",
"description": "The exact-value assertion from AtmosphericDeposition.jl's wesely1989_test.jl: WesleySurfaceResistance(So2Data, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, rain=true, dew=true, isSO2=true, isO3=false) = 45.45454545454546 s/m. Dew is active and the land use is urban (iLandUse=1), so the leaf-cuticle resistance collapses to 50 s/m; rs is the upstream r_s(1,1,1,1,true) = 3.0772306344553016e30 reference value.",
"parameter_overrides": {
"Dh2oPerDx": 1.9,
"Hstar": 100000.0,
"Fo": 0.0,
"G": 1.0,
"Ts": 1.0,
"theta": 1.0,
"iSeason": 1,
"iLandUse": 1,
"rain": 1,
"dew": 1,
"isSO2": 1,
"isO3": 0
},
"time_span": {
"start": 0.0,
"end": 1.0
},
"assertions": [
{
"variable": "rs",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 3.0772306344553016e+30
},
{
"variable": "rmx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 0.03
},
{
"variable": "rsmx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 5.846738205465072e+30
},
{
"variable": "rdc",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 9.181727363545544
},
{
"variable": "rlux",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 50.0
},
{
"variable": "r_c",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 45.45454545454546
}
]
},
{
"id": "ozone_coniferous_summer",
"description": "Ozone over a coniferous forest in midsummer, dry, G=500 W/m^2, Ts=20 degC. Exercises the isO3 branch: the lower-canopy and ground resistances select the O3 tables (r_clO, r_gsO) and the leaf cuticle uses the dry-surface form (Eq. 7).",
"parameter_overrides": {
"Dh2oPerDx": 1.6,
"Hstar": 0.01,
"Fo": 1.0,
"G": 500.0,
"Ts": 20.0,
"theta": 0.0,
"iSeason": 1,
"iLandUse": 5,
"rain": 0,
"dew": 0,
"isSO2": 0,
"isO3": 1
},
"time_span": {
"start": 0.0,
"end": 1.0
},
"assertions": [
{
"variable": "r_clO_val",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 1000.0
},
{
"variable": "r_gsO_val",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 200.0
},
{
"variable": "rlux_dry",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 1999.9998000000198
},
{
"variable": "rlux",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 1999.9998000000198
},
{
"variable": "rclx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 1000.0
},
{
"variable": "rgsx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 200.0
},
{
"variable": "r_c",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 170.27724825587075
}
]
},
{
"id": "ammonia_general_rain",
"description": "Ammonia (a general gas: neither SO2 nor O3) over rain-wetted range land in autumn, G=200 W/m^2, Ts=15 degC. Exercises the general-gas resistances (Eqs. 8 & 9) and the rain branch of the leaf-cuticle resistance (Eqs. 12-14).",
"parameter_overrides": {
"Dh2oPerDx": 0.97,
"Hstar": 20000.0,
"Fo": 0.0,
"G": 200.0,
"Ts": 15.0,
"theta": 0.0,
"iSeason": 2,
"iLandUse": 3,
"rain": 1,
"dew": 0,
"isSO2": 0,
"isO3": 0
},
"time_span": {
"start": 0.0,
"end": 1.0
},
"assertions": [
{
"variable": "r_clx_gen",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 45000.0
},
{
"variable": "r_gsx_gen",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 1749.9999999999998
},
{
"variable": "rclx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 45000.0
},
{
"variable": "rgsx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 1749.9999999999998
},
{
"variable": "rluO_rain",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 964.2857142857142
},
{
"variable": "rlux_rain",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 498.1549815498155
},
{
"variable": "rlux",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 498.1549815498155
},
{
"variable": "r_c",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 389.12183013729054
}
]
},
{
"id": "no2_general_dew",
"description": "Nitrogen dioxide (a general gas) over a dew-wetted mixed forest in late autumn, G=400 W/m^2, Ts=17 degC. Exercises the dew branch of the leaf-cuticle resistance for a non-SO2/non-O3 gas (Eq. 14 with the dew-form O3 reference resistance).",
"parameter_overrides": {
"Dh2oPerDx": 1.6,
"Hstar": 0.01,
"Fo": 0.1,
"G": 400.0,
"Ts": 17.0,
"theta": 0.0,
"iSeason": 3,
"iLandUse": 6,
"rain": 0,
"dew": 1,
"isSO2": 0,
"isO3": 0
},
"time_span": {
"start": 0.0,
"end": 1.0
},
"assertions": [
{
"variable": "rluO_dew",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 2666.6666666666665
},
{
"variable": "rlux_dew",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 23999.421613939103
},
{
"variable": "rlux",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 23999.421613939103
},
{
"variable": "r_clx_gen",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 5999.99940000006
},
{
"variable": "r_gsx_gen",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 2999.9955000067494
},
{
"variable": "rclx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 5999.99940000006
},
{
"variable": "rgsx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 2999.9955000067494
},
{
"variable": "r_c",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 1337.4894564257415
}
]
},
{
"id": "winter_cold_correction",
"description": "SO2 over a coniferous forest in winter (iSeason=4) with sub-freezing Ts=-5 degC and dew flagged. Two winter behaviors are pinned: dew and rain have no effect in winter (rlux falls through to the dry branch despite dew=1), and Ts<0 activates the cold-temperature correction added to rlux, rclx and rgsx.",
"parameter_overrides": {
"Dh2oPerDx": 1.9,
"Hstar": 100000.0,
"Fo": 0.0,
"G": 100.0,
"Ts": -5.0,
"theta": 0.0,
"iSeason": 4,
"iLandUse": 5,
"rain": 0,
"dew": 1,
"isSO2": 1,
"isO3": 0
},
"time_span": {
"start": 0.0,
"end": 1.0
},
"assertions": [
{
"variable": "correction",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 2718.2818284590453
},
{
"variable": "rs",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 3.0000000000000005e+25
},
{
"variable": "rlux_dry",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 6000.0
},
{
"variable": "rlux",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 6000.0
},
{
"variable": "rclx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 200.0
},
{
"variable": "rgsx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 100.0
},
{
"variable": "r_c",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 1733.500306109259
}
]
},
{
"id": "dew_so2_deciduous",
"description": "SO2 over a dew-wetted deciduous forest (iLandUse=4, not urban) in transitional spring. With dew active, isSO2 true and a non-urban land use, the leaf-cuticle resistance takes the constant 100 s/m value (Wesely Eq. 10).",
"parameter_overrides": {
"Dh2oPerDx": 1.9,
"Hstar": 100000.0,
"Fo": 0.0,
"G": 600.0,
"Ts": 22.0,
"theta": 0.0,
"iSeason": 5,
"iLandUse": 4,
"rain": 0,
"dew": 1,
"isSO2": 1,
"isO3": 0
},
"time_span": {
"start": 0.0,
"end": 1.0
},
"assertions": [
{
"variable": "rlux_dew",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 100.0
},
{
"variable": "rlux",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 100.0
},
{
"variable": "rclx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 4000.0
},
{
"variable": "rgsx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 500.0
},
{
"variable": "r_c",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 83.75464865511395
}
]
},
{
"id": "rain_o3_deciduous",
"description": "Ozone over a rain-wetted deciduous forest in autumn, G=350 W/m^2, Ts=12 degC. Exercises the rain branch of the leaf-cuticle resistance for O3 (Wesely Eq. 13): rlux selects the rain-form O3 cuticle resistance rluO_rain.",
"parameter_overrides": {
"Dh2oPerDx": 1.6,
"Hstar": 0.01,
"Fo": 1.0,
"G": 350.0,
"Ts": 12.0,
"theta": 0.0,
"iSeason": 2,
"iLandUse": 4,
"rain": 1,
"dew": 0,
"isSO2": 0,
"isO3": 1
},
"time_span": {
"start": 0.0,
"end": 1.0
},
"assertions": [
{
"variable": "rluO_rain",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 964.2857142857142
},
{
"variable": "rlux_rain",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 964.2857142857142
},
{
"variable": "rlux",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 964.2857142857142
},
{
"variable": "rclx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 400.0
},
{
"variable": "rgsx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 200.0
},
{
"variable": "r_c",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 343.52614134502295
}
]
},
{
"id": "rain_so2_range",
"description": "SO2 over rain-wetted range land (iLandUse=3, not urban) in midsummer. Exercises the rain + SO2 + non-urban leaf-cuticle branch (Wesely Eq. 12).",
"parameter_overrides": {
"Dh2oPerDx": 1.9,
"Hstar": 100000.0,
"Fo": 0.0,
"G": 450.0,
"Ts": 24.0,
"theta": 0.0,
"iSeason": 1,
"iLandUse": 3,
"rain": 1,
"dew": 0,
"isSO2": 1,
"isO3": 0
},
"time_span": {
"start": 0.0,
"end": 1.0
},
"assertions": [
{
"variable": "rlux_rain",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 2727.272727272727
},
{
"variable": "rlux",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 2727.272727272727
},
{
"variable": "rclx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 2000.0
},
{
"variable": "rgsx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 350.0
},
{
"variable": "r_c",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 238.47984573096045
}
]
},
{
"id": "dew_o3_mixed_forest",
"description": "Ozone over a dew-wetted mixed forest in midsummer, G=700 W/m^2, Ts=26 degC. Exercises the dew branch of the leaf-cuticle resistance for O3 (Wesely Eq. 11): rlux selects the dew-form O3 cuticle resistance rluO_dew.",
"parameter_overrides": {
"Dh2oPerDx": 1.6,
"Hstar": 0.01,
"Fo": 1.0,
"G": 700.0,
"Ts": 26.0,
"theta": 0.0,
"iSeason": 1,
"iLandUse": 6,
"rain": 0,
"dew": 1,
"isSO2": 0,
"isO3": 1
},
"time_span": {
"start": 0.0,
"end": 1.0
},
"assertions": [
{
"variable": "rluO_dew",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 2000.0
},
{
"variable": "rlux_dew",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 2000.0
},
{
"variable": "rlux",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 2000.0
},
{
"variable": "rclx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 1000.0
},
{
"variable": "rgsx",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 300.0
},
{
"variable": "r_c",
"time": 0.0,
"expected": 286.22269447980483
}
]
}
],
"analyses": [
{
"id": "resistance_vs_solar_irradiation",
"description": "Surface resistance r_c as a function of solar irradiation G for SO2 over a midsummer deciduous forest (Ts=25 degC, dry, flat terrain). Brighter light opens stomata and lowers the stomatal pathway resistance, so r_c falls as G increases.",
"initial_state": {},
"parameters": {
"Ts": 25.0,
"iSeason": 1,
"iLandUse": 4,
"isSO2": 1,
"isO3": 0,
"rain": 0,
"dew": 0,
"theta": 0.0
},
"time_span": {
"start": 0.0,
"end": 1.0
},
"parameter_sweep": {
"type": "cartesian",
"dimensions": [
{
"parameter": "G",
"range": {
"start": 0.0,
"stop": 1000.0,
"count": 21,
"scale": "linear"
}
}
]
},
"plots": [
{
"id": "rc_vs_G",
"type": "line",
"description": "Total surface resistance r_c versus solar irradiation G.",
"x": {
"variable": "G",
"label": "Solar irradiation (W/m^2)"
},
"y": {
"variable": "r_c",
"label": "Surface resistance r_c (s/m)"
}
}
]
},
{
"id": "resistance_over_season_and_light",
"description": "Surface resistance r_c for SO2 over a deciduous forest as a joint function of solar irradiation G and the Wesely season index (1 midsummer through 5 transitional spring). Surfaces how the season-dependent lookup tables and the light-driven stomatal pathway together set r_c.",
"initial_state": {},
"parameters": {
"Ts": 20.0,
"iLandUse": 4,
"isSO2": 1,
"isO3": 0,
"rain": 0,
"dew": 0,
"theta": 0.0
},
"time_span": {
"start": 0.0,
"end": 1.0
},
"parameter_sweep": {
"type": "cartesian",
"dimensions": [
{
"parameter": "G",
"range": {
"start": 0.0,
"stop": 1000.0,
"count": 11,
"scale": "linear"
}
},
{
"parameter": "iSeason",
"range": {
"start": 1,
"stop": 5,
"count": 5,
"scale": "linear"
}
}
]
},
"plots": [
{
"id": "rc_heatmap",
"type": "heatmap",
"description": "Total surface resistance r_c over solar irradiation G and season index.",
"x": {
"variable": "G",
"label": "Solar irradiation (W/m^2)"
},
"y": {
"variable": "iSeason",
"label": "Season index"
},
"value": {
"variable": "r_c",
"reduce": "final"
}
}
]
}
]
}