The Earth Science Machine Learning (EarthSciML) Framework
EarthSciML is a next-generation software framework for geoscientific modeling and analysis. It allows geoscientific models to be specified as systems of equations which can be coupled together and compiled to a runnable model. In addition to simplifying the process of creating and using geoscientific models, EarthSciML also (will soon) enable the use of GPU-accelerated simulations as well as automatic creation of advanced analysis tools such as model adjoints.
Simulation
A main goal of EarthSciML is to allow users to easily set up and explore dynamics of geoscientific models. Below, we demonstrate this by coupling a model of gas-phase atmospheric chemistry with a model of photolysis and then demonstrating how the resulting dyanamics are affected by temperature:
using EarthSciMLBase, GasChem
using ModelingToolkit, OrdinaryDiffEq, Plots, SymbolicIndexingInterface
model = convert(ODESystem, couple(SuperFast(), FastJX()))
prob = ODEProblem(model, (), (0,3*24*3600))
T_setter = setp(prob, [model.SuperFast₊T, model.FastJX₊T])
# Create an animation of the O₃ concentration as a function of temperature.
anim = @animate for T in 100:10:400
T_setter(prob, (T, T))
sol = solve(prob, Rosenbrock23())
plot(sol.t, sol[model.SuperFast₊O3], xlabel="Time (s)", ylim=(0, 50),
ylabel="O₃ Concentration (ppb)", label=:none, title="T=$T K")
end
gif(anim, fps = 10)
Analysis
A second main goal of EarthSciML is to make it easy to perform advanced analysis of model dynamics, particularly the type of analysis that can streamline the integration of geoscientific modeling and machine learning. Below, we demonstrate this by using gradient descent with automatic differentiation to find a temperature that results in an average ozone concentration of 25 ppb.
using Optimization, OptimizationOptimJL
using ForwardDiff
using Statistics
# Set up functions to run the simulation and calculate the error.
function run_simulation(u)
T = u[1]
p2 = remake_buffer(model, prob.p, Dict(model.SuperFast₊T => T, model.FastJX₊T => T))
solve(remake(prob, p=p2), Rosenbrock23())
end
loss(u) = (mean(run_simulation(u)[model.SuperFast₊O3]) - 25)^2
T = [290.0] # Starting guess for the temperature.
anim = @animate for i in 1:100
g = ForwardDiff.gradient(loss, T) # Calculate the gradient of error w.r.t T.
global T -= 5g # Update the temperature.
# Make a plot of the simulation.
sol = run_simulation(T)
o3avg = round(mean(sol[model.SuperFast₊O3]), digits=3)
plot(sol.t, sol[model.SuperFast₊O3], label=:none, ylim=(0, 35),
xlabel="Time (s)", ylabel="O₃ Concentration (ppb)",
title="Step=$i; T=$(round(T[1], digits=3)) K; O₃ avg.=$(o3avg) ppb", )
plot!([sol.t[begin], sol.t[end]], [o3avg, o3avg], label=:none,
linecolor=:black, linestyle=:dash)
if abs(g[1]) < 1e-2
break
end
end
gif(anim, fps = 5)
Where to Start
- If you'd like to know more about the available capabilities, check out our Examples section.
- If you're interested in jumping right in and using the framework on your own computer, check out the Getting Started section.
- If you're interested in learning about the theory behind geoscientific modeling and machine learning, check out EarthSci EDU.
- Finally, if you're interested in contributing to the project, check Contributing.
Reproducibility
The documentation of this EarthSciML package was built using these direct dependencies,
Status `~/work/earthsci.dev/earthsci.dev/Project.toml`
[1a52f20c] AtmosphericDeposition v0.2.3
⌃ [13f3f980] CairoMakie v0.12.18
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[ade2ca70] Dates v1.11.0
Info Packages marked with ⌃ have new versions available and may be upgradable.and using this machine and Julia version.
Julia Version 1.11.3
Commit d63adeda50d (2025-01-21 19:42 UTC)
Build Info:
Official https://julialang.org/ release
Platform Info:
OS: Linux (x86_64-linux-gnu)
CPU: 4 × AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
WORD_SIZE: 64
LLVM: libLLVM-16.0.6 (ORCJIT, znver3)
Threads: 1 default, 0 interactive, 1 GC (on 4 virtual cores)
Environment:
JULIA_NO_VERIFY_HOSTS = gaftp.epa.govA more complete overview of all dependencies and their versions is also provided.
Status `~/work/earthsci.dev/earthsci.dev/Manifest.toml`
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[19f23fe9] SymbolicLimits v0.2.2
[d1185830] SymbolicUtils v3.15.0
[0c5d862f] Symbolics v6.29.1
[3783bdb8] TableTraits v1.0.1
[bd369af6] Tables v1.12.0
[62fd8b95] TensorCore v0.1.1
[8ea1fca8] TermInterface v2.0.0
[5d786b92] TerminalLoggers v0.1.7
[1c621080] TestItems v1.0.0
[8290d209] ThreadingUtilities v0.5.2
[ac1d9e8a] ThreadsX v0.1.12
[731e570b] TiffImages v0.11.3
[a759f4b9] TimerOutputs v0.5.27
[0796e94c] Tokenize v0.5.29
[3bb67fe8] TranscodingStreams v0.11.3
[28d57a85] Transducers v0.4.84
[410a4b4d] Tricks v0.1.10
[981d1d27] TriplotBase v0.1.0
[781d530d] TruncatedStacktraces v1.4.0
[5c2747f8] URIs v1.5.1
[3a884ed6] UnPack v1.0.2
[1cfade01] UnicodeFun v0.4.1
[1986cc42] Unitful v1.22.0
[45397f5d] UnitfulLatexify v1.6.4
[a7c27f48] Unityper v0.1.6
[41fe7b60] Unzip v0.2.0
[19fa3120] VertexSafeGraphs v0.2.0
[897b6980] WeakValueDicts v0.1.0
[e3aaa7dc] WebP v0.1.3
[efce3f68] WoodburyMatrices v1.0.0
[6e34b625] Bzip2_jll v1.0.9+0
[4e9b3aee] CRlibm_jll v1.0.1+0
[83423d85] Cairo_jll v1.18.2+1
[ee1fde0b] Dbus_jll v1.14.10+0
[5ae413db] EarCut_jll v2.2.4+0
[2702e6a9] EpollShim_jll v0.0.20230411+1
[2e619515] Expat_jll v2.6.5+0
⌅ [b22a6f82] FFMPEG_jll v4.4.2+2
[f5851436] FFTW_jll v3.3.10+3
[a3f928ae] Fontconfig_jll v2.15.0+0
[d7e528f0] FreeType2_jll v2.13.3+1
[559328eb] FriBidi_jll v1.0.16+0
[0656b61e] GLFW_jll v3.4.0+2
⌅ [d2c73de3] GR_jll v0.73.5+0
[78b55507] Gettext_jll v0.21.0+0
[59f7168a] Giflib_jll v5.2.3+0
⌃ [f8c6e375] Git_jll v2.36.1+2
[7746bdde] Glib_jll v2.82.4+0
[3b182d85] Graphite2_jll v1.3.14+1
⌅ [0234f1f7] HDF5_jll v1.12.2+2
[2e76f6c2] HarfBuzz_jll v8.5.0+0
[905a6f67] Imath_jll v3.1.11+0
[1d5cc7b8] IntelOpenMP_jll v2025.0.4+0
[aacddb02] JpegTurbo_jll v3.1.1+0
[c1c5ebd0] LAME_jll v3.100.2+0
⌅ [88015f11] LERC_jll v3.0.0+1
[1d63c593] LLVMOpenMP_jll v18.1.7+0
[dd4b983a] LZO_jll v2.10.3+0
[81d17ec3] L_BFGS_B_jll v3.0.1+0
⌅ [e9f186c6] Libffi_jll v3.2.2+2
[d4300ac3] Libgcrypt_jll v1.11.0+0
[7e76a0d4] Libglvnd_jll v1.7.0+0
[7add5ba3] Libgpg_error_jll v1.51.1+0
[94ce4f54] Libiconv_jll v1.18.0+0
[4b2f31a3] Libmount_jll v2.40.3+0
⌅ [89763e89] Libtiff_jll v4.5.1+1
[38a345b3] Libuuid_jll v2.40.3+0
[856f044c] MKL_jll v2025.0.1+1
⌃ [7243133f] NetCDF_jll v400.902.5+1
[e7412a2a] Ogg_jll v1.3.5+1
[18a262bb] OpenEXR_jll v3.2.4+0
⌅ [458c3c95] OpenSSL_jll v1.1.23+1
[efe28fd5] OpenSpecFun_jll v0.5.6+0
[91d4177d] Opus_jll v1.3.3+0
⌃ [58948b4f] PROJ_jll v902.500.0+0
[36c8627f] Pango_jll v1.56.1+0
⌅ [30392449] Pixman_jll v0.43.4+0
⌅ [c0090381] Qt6Base_jll v6.5.2+2
[f50d1b31] Rmath_jll v0.5.1+0
[76ed43ae] SQLite_jll v3.48.0+0
⌅ [fb77eaff] Sundials_jll v5.2.3+0
[a44049a8] Vulkan_Loader_jll v1.3.243+0
[a2964d1f] Wayland_jll v1.21.0+2
[2381bf8a] Wayland_protocols_jll v1.36.0+0
[02c8fc9c] XML2_jll v2.13.6+1
[aed1982a] XSLT_jll v1.1.42+0
[ffd25f8a] XZ_jll v5.6.4+1
[f67eecfb] Xorg_libICE_jll v1.1.1+0
[c834827a] Xorg_libSM_jll v1.2.4+0
[4f6342f7] Xorg_libX11_jll v1.8.6+3
[0c0b7dd1] Xorg_libXau_jll v1.0.12+0
[935fb764] Xorg_libXcursor_jll v1.2.3+0
[a3789734] Xorg_libXdmcp_jll v1.1.5+0
[1082639a] Xorg_libXext_jll v1.3.6+3
[d091e8ba] Xorg_libXfixes_jll v6.0.0+0
[a51aa0fd] Xorg_libXi_jll v1.8.2+0
[d1454406] Xorg_libXinerama_jll v1.1.5+0
[ec84b674] Xorg_libXrandr_jll v1.5.4+0
[ea2f1a96] Xorg_libXrender_jll v0.9.11+1
[14d82f49] Xorg_libpthread_stubs_jll v0.1.2+0
[c7cfdc94] Xorg_libxcb_jll v1.17.0+3
[cc61e674] Xorg_libxkbfile_jll v1.1.2+1
[e920d4aa] Xorg_xcb_util_cursor_jll v0.1.4+0
[12413925] Xorg_xcb_util_image_jll v0.4.0+1
[2def613f] Xorg_xcb_util_jll v0.4.0+1
[975044d2] Xorg_xcb_util_keysyms_jll v0.4.0+1
[0d47668e] Xorg_xcb_util_renderutil_jll v0.3.9+1
[c22f9ab0] Xorg_xcb_util_wm_jll v0.4.1+1
[35661453] Xorg_xkbcomp_jll v1.4.6+1
[33bec58e] Xorg_xkeyboard_config_jll v2.39.0+0
[c5fb5394] Xorg_xtrans_jll v1.5.1+0
[3161d3a3] Zstd_jll v1.5.7+1
[35ca27e7] eudev_jll v3.2.9+0
[214eeab7] fzf_jll v0.56.3+0
[1a1c6b14] gperf_jll v3.1.1+1
[9a68df92] isoband_jll v0.2.3+0
[a4ae2306] libaom_jll v3.11.0+0
[0ac62f75] libass_jll v0.15.2+0
[1183f4f0] libdecor_jll v0.2.2+0
[2db6ffa8] libevdev_jll v1.11.0+0
[f638f0a6] libfdk_aac_jll v2.0.3+0
[36db933b] libinput_jll v1.18.0+0
[b53b4c65] libpng_jll v1.6.46+0
[075b6546] libsixel_jll v1.10.5+0
[f27f6e37] libvorbis_jll v1.3.7+2
⌃ [c5f90fcd] libwebp_jll v1.4.0+0
[009596ad] mtdev_jll v1.1.6+0
[1317d2d5] oneTBB_jll v2022.0.0+0
⌅ [1270edf5] x264_jll v2021.5.5+0
⌅ [dfaa095f] x265_jll v3.5.0+0
[d8fb68d0] xkbcommon_jll v1.4.1+2
[0dad84c5] ArgTools v1.1.2
[56f22d72] Artifacts v1.11.0
[2a0f44e3] Base64 v1.11.0
[8bf52ea8] CRC32c v1.11.0
[ade2ca70] Dates v1.11.0
[8ba89e20] Distributed v1.11.0
[f43a241f] Downloads v1.6.0
[7b1f6079] FileWatching v1.11.0
[9fa8497b] Future v1.11.0
[b77e0a4c] InteractiveUtils v1.11.0
[4af54fe1] LazyArtifacts v1.11.0
[b27032c2] LibCURL v0.6.4
[76f85450] LibGit2 v1.11.0
[8f399da3] Libdl v1.11.0
[37e2e46d] LinearAlgebra v1.11.0
[56ddb016] Logging v1.11.0
[d6f4376e] Markdown v1.11.0
[a63ad114] Mmap v1.11.0
[ca575930] NetworkOptions v1.2.0
[44cfe95a] Pkg v1.11.0
[de0858da] Printf v1.11.0
[3fa0cd96] REPL v1.11.0
[9a3f8284] Random v1.11.0
[ea8e919c] SHA v0.7.0
[9e88b42a] Serialization v1.11.0
[1a1011a3] SharedArrays v1.11.0
[6462fe0b] Sockets v1.11.0
[2f01184e] SparseArrays v1.11.0
[f489334b] StyledStrings v1.11.0
[4607b0f0] SuiteSparse
[fa267f1f] TOML v1.0.3
[a4e569a6] Tar v1.10.0
[8dfed614] Test v1.11.0
[cf7118a7] UUIDs v1.11.0
[4ec0a83e] Unicode v1.11.0
[e66e0078] CompilerSupportLibraries_jll v1.1.1+0
[deac9b47] LibCURL_jll v8.6.0+0
[e37daf67] LibGit2_jll v1.7.2+0
[29816b5a] LibSSH2_jll v1.11.0+1
[c8ffd9c3] MbedTLS_jll v2.28.6+0
[14a3606d] MozillaCACerts_jll v2023.12.12
[4536629a] OpenBLAS_jll v0.3.27+1
[05823500] OpenLibm_jll v0.8.1+2
[efcefdf7] PCRE2_jll v10.42.0+1
[bea87d4a] SuiteSparse_jll v7.7.0+0
[83775a58] Zlib_jll v1.2.13+1
[8e850b90] libblastrampoline_jll v5.11.0+0
[8e850ede] nghttp2_jll v1.59.0+0
[3f19e933] p7zip_jll v17.4.0+2
Info Packages marked with ⌃ and ⌅ have new versions available. Those with ⌃ may be upgradable, but those with ⌅ are restricted by compatibility constraints from upgrading. To see why use `status --outdated -m`